Forensic facial reconstruction

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Tsar Ivan the Terrible of Russia. Reconstruction by M. Gerasimov, Soviet archaeologist and anthropologist who developed the first technique of forensic sculpture. 1965

Forensic facial reconstruction (or forensic facial approximation) is the process of recreating the face of an individual (whose identity is often not known) from their skeletal remains through an amalgamation of artistry, forensic science, anthropology, osteology, and anatomy. It is easily the most subjective—as well as one of the most controversial—techniques in the field of forensic anthropology. Despite this controversy, facial reconstruction has proved successful frequently enough that research and methodological developments continue to be advanced.

In addition to remains involved in criminal investigations, facial reconstructions are created for remains believed to be of historical value and for remains of prehistoric hominids and humans.

Human

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about humans as a species. For other uses, see Human (disambiguation). "Human race" redirects here. For the concept of races of humans, see Race (human categorization).

 

 

Contents

• 1 Etymology and definition
• 2 History
  • 2.1 Evolution and range
    • 2.1.1 Evidence from molecular biology
    • 2.1.2 Evidence from the fossil record
    • 2.1.3 Anatomical adaptations
  • 2.2 Rise of Homo sapiens
  • 2.3 Transition to civilization
• 3 Habitat and population
• 4 Biology
  • 4.1 Anatomy and physiology
  • 4.2 Genetics
  • 4.3 Life cycle
  • 4.4 Diet
  • 4.5 Biological variation
    • 4.5.1 Structure of variation
• 5 Psychology
  • 5.1 Sleep and dreaming
  • 5.2 Consciousness and thought
  • 5.3 Motivation and emotion
  • 5.4 Sexuality and love
• 6 Behavior
  • 6.1 Language
  • 6.2 Gender roles
  • 6.3 Kinship
  • 6.4 Ethnicity
  • 6.5 Society, government, and politics
  • 6.6 Trade and economics
  • 6.7 War
  • 6.8 Material culture and technology
    • 6.8.1 Body culture
  • 6.9 Philosophy and self-reflection
  • 6.10 Religion and spirituality
  • 6.11 Art, music, and literature
  • 6.12 Science
• 7 See also
• 8 References
• 9 Further reading
• 10 External links